The
Monument to the Tsar Liberator (
Bulgarian: Паметник на Цар Освободител,
Pametnik na Tsar Osvoboditel) is an
equestrian monument in the centre of
Sofia, the capital of
Bulgaria. It was erected in honour of
Russian Emperor Alexander II who
liberated Bulgaria from
Ottoman rule during the
Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78.
The
Neoclassical memorial's author is
Italian sculptor
Arnoldo Zocchi, who won the project in competition with 31 other artists from 12 countries (and with a total of 90 artists from 15 countries being interested) in the end of the 19th century. Bulgarian architect Nikola Lazarov participated in the monument's architectural design. The
foundation stone was laid on 23 April 1901,
St George's Day, in the presence of
Knyaz Ferdinand I of Bulgaria, and the monument was completed on 15 September 1903.
Ferdinand also attended the monument's inauguration on 30 August 1907 together with his sons
Boris and
Kiril,
Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia, son of Alexander II, together with his wife and his son, as well as other notable figures.
Erected of black polished
granite from
Vitosha, the Monument to the Tsar Liberator consists of a
pedestal, a middle part with figures and a massive
Neo-Renaissance cornice finished with the sculpture of the Russian Tsar on a horse. The
bronze wreath at the foot was donated by
Romania in memory of the Romanian soldiers that died during the war.
The main bronze
bas-relief in the middle part depicts a group of Russian and Bulgarian soldiers
led by the goddess of victory (
Nike in
Greek mythology and
Victoria in Roman mythology), who raises her sword high above. Portraits of
Grand Duke Nicholas Nicolaievich,
Count Ignatiev and the generals
Joseph Vladimirovich Gourko and
Mikhail Skobelev surround the group. Other bas-reliefs feature scenes from the
Battle of Stara Zagora, the signing of the
Treaty of San Stefano and the opening ceremony of the
Constituent National Assembly in
Veliko Tarnovo, as well as portraits of
Petko Slaveykov,
Stoyan Zaimov,
Ivan Vazov,
Stefan Stambolov and other prominent figures from the period.
The Monument to the Tsar Liberator is on
Tsar Osvoboditel Boulevard, facing the
National Assembly of Bulgaria and with the
InterContinental hotel behind it.
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