We had cucumbers really flop one year. They would only grow to about the size of a sweet pickle and then would turn yellow and shrivel up. They were pretty much useless. I think maybe we had too much sun that year, but nothing I could do about that.
My boyfriend's father went through the same thing this year! The cucumbers really did not want to grow or provide any kind of yield for us. But his wouldn't grow long, they would become a nice little round ball and then become yellow. I'm not sure if it's the same problem yours had though because I thought that his failed due to lack of sunlight - his location wasn't the greatest.