After a couple of hours research last night and further questions fired at my son today I think I've got to the bottom of this. The trees are all spruces around fifteen to twenty feet in height. It occurred to me that what he thinks he can see as Bagworms at the top, are probably cones on the newer growth. Tomorrow (due to heavy snow today) he is going to check them out more closely and take some pictures. Regarding the other disease - Rhizosphaera, I'm almost certain his trees have it so the guy who visited was right. Again I will have confirmation with pictures. This disease usually occurs because of over watering and humidity. You may remember that my son has problems with flooding which is the likely cause, although the trees aren't standing in that area.
Research tells me that to contain, not cure this disease, they would need to be sprayed two to three times a year for the next three years and beyond that there is no guarantee of survival. The chemicals used are harmful to humans, animals and various other plants so that idea has been discarded. He desperately wants to keep these trees as they provide privacy, so I have suggested (from reading) that he removes all branches that are affected and burns them. The disease starts on the lower branches and works it's way up, so my thoughts are that perhaps with these removed, as they were touching the ground, it may well give the trees a chance of survival. Unless of course the Bagworms get to work again this year.
If the trees have to be replaced I've suggested Thuja which apparently is very resistant to this disease. He wants something that is evergreen for year round privacy.