May I sound a note of caution before you commit yourself to your final choice?
"Quick Growing" could also mean ... lots of work to keep in check!
If it grows quickly, it will need a lot of regular maintenance, so choose something which will give you good cover, but won't take all your spare time keeping it in check.
Sunflower and Cosmos are annuals, so that would give you some coverage but for this year only.
I have a little experience with Escallonia and Hebe and they do take a little bit of time before they romp away to the height that you may need ( a couple or more years). It appears from your photos that it is height that you are most looking for? If so, are you considering trellis to add height to your wall to give plants something to grab hold of to ensure the height you need to create privacy?
If you wanted an annual to give great height/spread just for this year, you wouldn't go far wrong with a Cobea Scandens - however, you would need trellis and it does only last one year (ergo an annual) and it really only comes into its own later in the year.
A solanum crispum is a semi evergreen climber which, at this time of year is filled with small blue flowers and, once it takes, can reach quite a height. But, it can become a bit of a thug and would need keeping in check (after flowering) every couple of years. Yes, it would need a trellis/strong support because it can become quite weighty.
Do check with your local planning permissions before you plant anything in a public space though; it isn't yours to choose without seeking the right permissions and your local authority may not take too kindly with you planting whatever you fancy. Some species of plants your local authority may not be too happy with you planting. For example, in my country Japanese Knotweed would be a complete No-NO! ;-)
Good luck with making your decision and finding the right thing to give you the privacy you seek.