I agree with the over-watering thing and that it's very, very difficult to give a sunflower too much sun. I have to worry with some plants here in Florida with getting too much sun, but not sunflowers, the more the better.
However, you've asked a question that (IMO) doesn't get enough coverage about sunflowers and that is that they turn very ugly after the flower has been pollinated. And it is common for the leaves to start dying and they will not be replaced once the flower goes to bloom. Everyone shows pictures of the nice blooming sunflower, but they don't show the pictures of what the sunflower starts looking like in about a week after that bloom and it only gets worse with time.
Looks to me like your sunflower is doing what sunflowers normally do. Produce seeds and look ugly -- it's kind of like the ugly duckling story, but in reverse