The white powdery stuff is definitely mildew. This attacks when the plant is too dry at the roots and in a weak condition. The white blobs are scale insects, or woolly aphids. They are sap suckers and can cause virus infections. You really need to deal with them. The white is a wax covering which makes them waterproof so insecticides do not work on them. You need to use a horticultural soft soap spray to remove the wax, then the insect will drown. OR, you could dab each one with a Q tip dipped in Methylated spirits. There are insecticides on the market which are supposed to deal with them ,but never having used them I cannot speak for their efficacy.