Maybe for lawns and native plants, fertilizer is a waste of money if you have decent soil. But for vegetables, I wonder ( and the study cited gives scant details and only involved six gardens - of what they didn't even say.) So I can't give that "study" any credence, really.
When I planted my asparagus crowns four years ago, I ran out of space in my planned beds. Twelve crowns went into my bed, and the other six I put in a sunny spot in my side yard. I have very good soil. The ones in the asparagus bed that I top dress with compost and mulch, and fertilize 2-3 times a year, give me loads of asparagus spears and ferns over six feet tall by late summer. The ones I let go feral in the side yard with no compost or feeding? Maybe a few edible spears, and puny little ferns about two feet tall.
Same with container annuals - if I fertilize them, they flower all growing season and get much bigger. If I don't, they're sparse and spindly. I've done side by side experiments.
As the article you posted says quite clearly, for lawns, containers and some other plants, fertilizer is valuable and certainly not a "waste of money."
I don't spend much time fertilizing my lawn or native perrenials, but from experience, fertilizing annuals, vegetables and container plants makes a huge difference.